城乡融合发展与创新贫困治理——基于社会现代化视角的探讨

Urban-rural Integration Development and Innovative Governance of Poverty:A perspective of Social Modernization

城乡融合发展既是发展中国家或地区成功实现现代化的重要标志,也是我国社会成功迈向现代化的路径遵循。城乡壁垒走向消失即城乡联系机制的弃旧图新表明,我国城乡发展模式正在从城乡二元发展向城乡融合发展转型,乡村发展模式正在从依附性发展向自主性发展转换,从而启示农村贫困治理从被动走向主动、从受助走向自强。改革开放以来城乡差距逐步扩大的原因一方面是城乡联系旧机制的遗留及影响,从而启示当下农村贫困治理需要弥补村民在生活保障及生活改善方面的制度性缺失,另一方面是改革开放以来资本与劳动收入的明显差距,从而启示城乡贫困治理既要聚焦绝对贫困即通过精准扶贫帮扶农村绝对贫困人群摆脱贫困,又要关注相对贫困即为仅仅依靠劳动收入生存的乡村农民、城市工人以及往返于城乡的农民工提供政策性支持。

The urban-rural integration development is both the important symbol of successfully achieving modernization in developing countries or regions and the path of Chinese successful modernization.The urban and rural barriers’fading away shows that Chinese urban-rural development pattern has turned from binary development to integration development and the rural development model is being transformed from dependence into independence.Since the reform and opening-up,the urban-rural gap has been gradually widened:On one hand,it is because of the legacy and influence of old mechanisms of urban-rural connection,and thus it is suggested that the institutional defects in living security and improvement for farmers should be remedied in the present governance;On the other hand,the reason lies in the noticeable disparities between the capital and labour income,and therefore it is suggested that the rural-urban poverty governance should not only focus on the absolute poverty to help the absolute poor people out of poverty through targeted poverty alleviation,but also attach importance to relative poverty to provide policy support to people who only live by labour income such as villagers,urban workers and migrant workers travelling between urban and rural areas.