生态系统理论视角下大学生心理应激反应的影响因素及其干预

From the perspective of ecosystem theory:Influencing factors and intervention of college students’psychological stress response

心理应激对个体的身心发展具有重要影响,适度的心理应激可以促进成长,但过度的心理应激却容易导致心理问题甚至心理危机。影响大学生心理应激反应的因素多种多样,而生态系统理论从生态视角出发,将其中的环境因素以微观、中观、外观和宏观四个横向层次加以概括,并以历时系统从纵向的角度对这些因素的动态变化进行分析,构建起一个全方位、立体化的理论模型。同时,以该理论模型为基础,提出针对大学生心理应激反应的干预措施。(1)微观层面:重视家庭支持和同伴群体的作用,学校加强心理健康教育;(2)中观层面:形成心理应激预警防控联动机制;(3)外观层面:重视学校组织气候和学生实际问题的解决;(4)宏观层面:关注大学生的思想动态,充分利用课程、活动或媒体积极引导。

Psychological stress has an important impact on the physical and mental development of individuals,moderate of which can promote growth,but the excessive one is easy to lead to psychological problems or even psychological crisis.There are many factors that affect the psychological stress response of college students,the ecosystem theory from the ecological perspective,which summarizes the environmental factors in the four horizontal levels of micro,meso,exo and macro,and analyzes the dynamic changes of these factors from the vertical perspective of diachronic system,constructing a comprehensive and three-dimensional theoretical model.At the same time,based on the theoretical model,the intervention measures for college students'psychological stress response are put forward.(1)Pay attention to the role of family support and peer groups,strengthen mental health education in schools;(2)promote school-family and school-community liaison to form a linkage mechanism of psychological stress early warning,prevention and control;(3)pay close attention to the ideological dynamics of college students,make full use of the curriculum,activities or media to actively guide,and establish reasonable life goals and values.