胆汁酸对机体糖脂代谢的影响机制

Mechanism of Effects of Bile Acids on Glycolipid Metabolism

近年来,除了传统促进脂质消化吸收的功能之外,胆汁酸作为信号分子调控宿主糖脂代谢及免疫机制等的作用日益受到研究者关注。胆汁酸的受体主要包括核受体法尼醇X受体(FXR)和膜受体武田G蛋白偶联受体5(TGR5)。通过相应受体,胆汁酸可以调控糖脂代谢相关激素如胰岛素、胰高血糖素样肽-1、成纤维细胞生长因子等的分泌,并与肠道微生物产生互作,共同调控宿主代谢。本文就胆汁酸生理、受体介导和非受体介导的调控机制、与糖脂代谢相关激素的关系以及与肠道微生物的互作进行简要综述,并对未来的研究方向提出建议,以期为基于胆汁酸的动物健康营养代谢调控研究提供思考和理论依据。

In recent years,in addition to its traditional function of facilitating lipid digestion and absorption,the role of bile acids as signaling molecules in the regulation of host glycolipid metabolism and immune mechanisms has received increasing attention from researchers.The receptors for bile acids mainly include the nuclear receptor farnesol X receptor(FXR)and the membrane receptor Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5(TGR5).Through the corresponding receptors,bile acids can regulate the secretion of glycolipid metabolism related hormones such as insulin,glucagon-like peptide-1 and fibroblast growth factor,and interact with gut microbes to regulate host metabolism.This article provided a brief review of bile acid physiology,receptor-mediated and non-receptor-mediated regulatory mechanisms,relationships with glycolipid metabolism related hormones and interactions with gut microbes,and suggests future research directions at the end of the article,in order to provide thoughts and theoretical basis for bile acid-based regulation of animal nutrition metabolism.