中国制造业全要素生产率的变动与影响因素

Analysis on the Change and Influence Factors of Total Factor Productivity in China Manufacturing

目的:在对1999~2011年中国制造业全要素生产率及其分解进行测度基础上,探究制造业全要素生产率的变动及影响因素,提出相应对策建议,以期为中国制造业高质量发展提供参考。方法:使用DEA方法测度相关生产效率指标,构建空间计量面板模型实证检验。结果:考察期内,中国制造业整体及异质性企业全要素生产率增长均值分别为11.5%、10.3%、13.1%和10.8%。企业规模、资本强度、外商直接投资、专利、人力资本作用为正,国有经济比重、贸易开放程度作用为负。结论:促进制造业全要素生产率提升需要坚持以市场为导向,优化资本布局和外商投资结构,加快国有企业改革,重视科技创新,加强人力资本积累。

Objective:Based on the measurement of total factor productivity and its decomposition in China manufacturing industry from 1999 to 2011,this paper explores the changes and influencing factors of total factor productivity of manufacturing industry,and puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions in order to provide reference for the high quality development of China manufacturing industry.Methods:Using the DEA method to measure the related production efficiency index and construct the empirical test of spatial measurement panel model.Results:During the period of study,the average total factor productivity growth of China's manufacturing industry as a whole and heterogeneous enterprises was 11.5%,10.3%,13.1%and 10.8%respectively.The scale of enterprises,capital intensity,foreign direct investment,patent and human capital are positive,the proportion of state-owned economy and the degree of trade opening are negative.Conclusion:To promote the total factor productivity of manufacturing industry,we need to adhere to the market-oriented,optimize the distribution of capital,and the structure of foreign investment,speed up the reform of state-owned enterprises,attach importance to scientific and technological innovation,and strengthen the accumulation of human capital.