香港抗战电影的文化逻辑与历史贡献——以《万众一心》(1939)为例

The Cultural Logic and Historical Contribution of Hong Kong Films of the War of Resistance against Japan——Taking United as One(1939)as an Example

从1937年7月抗战全面爆发到1939年年底,中国内地的官方电影制片厂和香港私营公司一共出品了41部抗战电影。现存的、公众可以看到的只有3个,全部属于香港出品。而从1937年到1945年整个八年全面抗战期间,现存的、公众可以看到的抗战电影只有6个,其余3个均由内地出品。抗战电影是战前国防电影的战时延伸形态,国防电影则是1932年出现的新电影形态之一的左翼电影的升级换代版。国防电影在全面继承左翼电影抗日救亡主题和暴力斗争的前提下,用民族性和民族解放战争提升、取代了后者的阶级性和阶级斗争模式。《万众一心》人物形象模式的突破,编导演的历史轨迹和时代性转变,个人风格鲜明的武打配置,具有一定的突破性。作为抗战电影,《万众一心》不仅是中国电影内在逻辑、外在形式等文化传统在战争期间的延续,还是奠定当时香港电影的主要形态之一。

From the full outbreak of the War of Resistance against Japan in July 1937 to the end of 1939,the official film studios in China's Mainland and private companies in Hong Kong produced a total of 41 films of the War of Resistance.Among them,there are only three films still existing and made available to the public now,all of which were produced in Hong Kong.Including these three films,there are only six films of the War of Resistance remaining and made available to the public,while the other three were produced in the mainland.The film of the War of Resistance was a wartime extension of the pre-war form of the national defense film,whereas the latter was an upgraded version of the left-wing films-one of the new film forms that emerged in 1932.National defense films have inherited the theme of resistance against Japanese aggression and violent struggle of the left-wing films,and elevated and replaced the latter’s class nature and class struggle mode with nationality and national liberation war.In the film United as One,the breakthrough in the character model,the historical trajectory and epochal shifts of the director and the actor,and the martial arts configuration with a distinct personal style were groundbreaking.As a film of the War of Resistance,United as One not only inherited the internal logic,external form and other cultural traditions of Chinese films during the war,but it was also one of the main forms of Hong Kong films at that time.