后疫情时代数字经济理论和规制体系的重构——以竞争法为核心

Reconstruction of the Digital Economy Theory and Regulation System in the Post-epidemic Era——With a Focus on the Competition Law

新冠肺炎疫情是我国乃至人类历史发展的一个重要分界线。数字经济平台以数据生产要素为核心,作为一种数字经济时代的新型经济组织,其对技术的充分运用、资源的整合调配等在新冠肺炎疫情防控上作用显著。大型数字经济平台可能滥用其支配地位或相对优势地位,侵犯中小企业和消费者的利益,损害竞争秩序,阻碍创新。新冠肺炎疫情期间,钉钉、飞书、腾讯会议等远程办公平台之间的限制竞争问题也引发社会关注。基于工业经济原理和理论的传统竞争法规制的手段和方法无法有效适应数字经济的挑战。需要重构后疫情时代数字经济理论和规制体系,形成反不正当竞争、电子商务、反垄断等领域分层次的数字经济竞争法体系,特别是需要将相对优势地位、必要设施原则、流量垄断等纳入反垄断的法律规制,重构相关市场界定分析框架;构建技术驱动型执法体系和司法体系,强化事前事中监管,弱化事后处罚措施,助力增强我国数字经济的国际竞争力。

The COIVD-19 is an important milestone in the history of China and even the world.The digital economic platforms focus on the data production factors.As a new type of economic organization in the digital economy era,they have played a significant role in the COVID-19 prevention and control with full application of technology and integration of resources.The large-scale digital economic platforms may abuse their dominant position or comparative advantage,infringe on the interes ts of small and medium-sized enterprises and consumers,disrupt the competition order and hinder innovation.During the COVID-19,the limited competition between remote office platforms such as Dingding,Feishu and Tencent Meeting also caused social concern.The traditional regulation through competition law based on industrial economic principles and theories cannot effectively adapt to the challenges of digital economy. It is necessary to reconstruct the theoretical and regulation system of digital economy in the post-epidemic era,and form a structured competition law system for digital economy in the anti-unfair competition,e-commerce and anti-monopoly areas.In particular,it is necessary to incorporate the comparative advantage position,the essential facility doctrine,and the user monopoly into the anti-monopoly regulation;reconstruct the relevant market definition and analysis framework;construct a technology-driven law enforcement system and judicial system;and strengthen pre-supervision while reducing after-event penalties,in order to enhance the international competitiveness of China's digital economy.