技术升级对劳动者技能水平的差异性影响:来自广东省制造业企业的证据

The Differential Implications of Technological Upgrading on Skill Levels of Workers:Evidence from Manufacturing Enterprises in Guangdong Province

随着"智能制造"战略的推进,工业机器人等自动化技术正在重塑我国制造业劳动者的技能结构。本文利用2018年广东省制造业企业-员工匹配调查数据,分析了工业机器人等自动化技术对制造业不同岗位员工的技能水平的影响。研究发现,虽然工业机器人等自动化技术会提高制造业员工的总体技能水平,但对不同岗位员工的技能水平影响存在异质性:技术升级显著提高了机器操作工和技术人员的技能水平,而普通工人和文员的技能水平则呈现下降的趋势。作者认为,在技术升级背景下,需要关注广大制造业普通工人缺乏技能提升空间的问题,推动技术升级与技能提升的协调发展。

Using an employer-employee matched survey data in Guangdong province in 2018,this article examines the impact of automation technology such as industrial robots on workers of different posts.It finds that although the automation technology has increased workers’skill level overall,it has different implications for workers of different occupations.Specifically,the technological upgrading has not improved the skill level of ordinary workers,but significantly increased the skill level of machine operators and technicians.It concludes that under the technological upgrading,we need to realize that the masses of ordinary workers lack space of skill upgrading,and should promote the coordinated development of technological upgrading and skill upgrading.