国企内部管理人员向职业经理人转化的影响因素:基于Z集团的案例研究

A Case Study on the Factors of the Transformation From Internal Managers to Professional Managers in State-owned Enterprise Z

职业经理人是现代企业制度的重要特征和组成部分,其在企业内部的转化路径和影响因素一直是组织管理实践的难点和研究热点,对于面临改制的国有企业而言更是如此。本文采用单案例研究方法,选取正在改革中的Z集团作为分析对象,考察哪些因素会影响内部管理人员的转化意愿和成功率,进而在社会认知理论框架下构建国企内部人员转化为职业经理人的影响因素模型。研究发现,来自个体-团队-组织-社会四个层面的因素对国企内部人员转化有直接影响,分别是个人职业适应力(个人技能、工作使命感、角色认同)、人际氛围(上下级关系、同事关系、协作质量)、组织支持(职业辅导、制度设计、治理结构)和市场成熟度四个维度;然后通过访谈得到各个维度对管理者的职业转换意愿和转换成功率的影响差异,并对其重要性进行排序。最后,结合研究结论,对国企内部职业经理人的转化方式和未来研究方向给出了有效建议。

Professional manager is an important feature and component of modern enterprise system,and its transformation path within the enterprise has been a hotspot and a difficult point in the field of organizational management,which is especially true for the state-owned enterprises facing reform.Z company,which is undergoing reform,is studied in this research using the method of single case study.Drawing upon social cognitive theory,we develop a theoretical model,which reveals the factors influencing the transformation of internal personnel into professional managers within state-owned enterprise.We find that influencing factors can be summarized into four aspects,namely individual,group,organizational and social level.More specifically,the influencing factors include personal career adaptability(personal skills,sense of mission,role identity),interpersonal atmosphere(leader-member relationship,relationship with coworkers,collaborative quality),organizational support(career coaching,system design,governance structure)and market environment.Furthermore,the effect of the above-mentioned 10 factors on managers’transformation willingness and success rate are evaluated through interview,and the 10 factors are ranked in order of importance.Finally,suggestions are given to optimize the transformation path of professional managers in state-owned enterprises.Moreover,future research directions are then discussed.