两河口国家湿地公园河流鱼类群落结构和多样性研究

Community Structure and Species Diversity of Fishes in River of Lianghekou National Wetland Park

为了解两河口国家湿地公园的鱼类群落结构和多样性状况,为湿地公园的管理和保护提供科学依据,2019年1月10—25日,对两河口国家湿地公园辖区的东双河(114°6'20.42"E,32°3'59.16"N)进行了鱼类资源调查。调查期间共采集鱼类18种,3906尾,重20432.9 g,分别隶属于3目5科17属,其中,鲤科鱼类14种,占77.78%。东双河鱼类优势种为■Hemiculter leucisculus(Basilewskv)和银鮈Squalidus argentatus(Sauvage et Dabry)。采集的渔获物个体小,绝大部分体长范围在4.1~10.0 cm之间,鱼类食性结构较单一,仅有肉食性和杂食性鱼类,肉食性鱼类的种类占38.89%,杂食性鱼类占61.11%;肉食性鱼类的数量占4.81%,杂食性鱼类占95.19%。多样性分析表明:东双河鱼类群落的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数为1.331;Wilhm改进指数为1.457;pielou均匀度指数为0.161;Simpson优势度集中指数为0.591;Margalef种类丰富度指数2.056。东双河鱼类群落结构较单一,鱼类个体小型化、低质化明显,主要原因是捕捞强度过大以及下游浉河水质下降,同时还受到捕捞季节和河流环境的影响。针对东双河鱼类资源状况,文中提出了多样性保护措施。

Surveyed fish stocks in Dongshuang River(114°6'20.42"E,32°3'59.16"N)of Lianghekou National Wetland Park from January 10 to 25,2019 to understand the structure and diversity of fish communities and provide a scientific basis for the management and protection of wetland parks.3906 samples weighting 20432.9 g were collected during the survey,including 18 fish species from 17 genera,5 families and 3 orders.There were 14 species in Cyprinidae accounting for 77.78%,with dominant species of bellyshaped minnow Hemiculter leucisculus(Basilewskv)and shiner Squalidus argentatus(Sauvage et Dabry)in Dongshuang River.Most of the fish collected were small,ranging from 4.1 cm to 10.0 cm in body length,either omnivorous fish accounting for 61.11%in species and 95.19%in quantity or carnivorous fish representing 38.89%in species and 4.81%in quantity.The diversity analysis showed that the fish community in Dongshuang River had Shannon-wiener diversity index of 1.331,Wilhm improvement index of 1.457,Pielou evenness index of 0.161,Simpson dominance concentration index of 0.591,and Margalef species richness index of 2.056.The fish community structure in Dongshuang River was featured by relatively simple,miniaturized individuals and low quality,which were primarily derived from because of the excessive fishing intensity and the discharge of sewage in the downstream,as well as the affection of season and river environment.The protection measures of fish diversity were suggested in Dongshuang River.