烤烟花芽分化与烟株生育进程的关系

Relationship between Flower Bud Differentiation and Plant Growth Process of Flue-cured Tobacco

为探明烤烟花芽分化过程的形态特征及其烟株生育进程的关系,对贵烟5号、K326、贵烟3号3个品种的花芽分化过程进行了观察,并对分化与烟株生育进程的关系进行了研究。结果表明,不同烤烟品种花芽分化过程形态特征相似,可划分为花芽形成和花粉发育两个阶段,每个阶段各分为4个时期,即第一苞叶原基分化期、第一次花序原基形成期、第二次花序原基形成期、雌雄蕊分化期、花粉母细胞形成期、四分体形成期、单细胞花粉形成期、二细胞花粉形成期;烤烟花芽分化开始于移栽后27~30 d,结束于移栽后52~57 d,历时25~27 d;不同烤烟品种从移栽到现蕾的生育历时差异主要来自营养生长阶段和花芽形成阶段;花芽分化历时与品种特性有关,总叶数相对较多(34片)的贵烟5号、K326历时相对较长,而总叶数相对较少(32片)的贵烟3号历时相对较短。总体来看,不同烤烟品种花芽分化规律与形态特征相似,但分化进程与烟株生育进程略有差异。

In order to explore the morphological characteristics of bud differentiation and its relationship with the growth process of flue-cured tobacco,the flower bud differentiation process of 3 varieties of Guiyan no.5,K326,Guiyan no.3 was observed and the relationship with the growth process of tobacco plants was studied.The results showed that for the tested flue-cured tobacco varieties,the flower bud differentiation process can be divided into two stages including flower bud formation and pollen development.Each of the two phases is further divided into four periods,namely,first bract leaf primordium differentiation stage,first inflorescence primordia formation,second female inflorescence primordia formation,stamen differentiation stage,pollen mother cell formation,tetrad formation,single-celled pollen formation,and 2 cells pollen formation.The bud differentiation of flue-cured tobacco began 27-30 days after transplanting and ended 52-57 days after transplanting,lasting 25-27 days.The difference of growth duration from transplanting to budding of different flue-cured tobacco varieties mainly came from vegetative growth stage and flower bud formation stage.The duration of flower bud differentiation was related to the variety characteristics,the duration of Guiyan no.5 and K326 with relatively more leaves(34 pieces)was relatively long,while that of Guiyan no.3 with relatively fewer leaves(32 pieces)was relatively short.Overall,the patterns of flower bud differentiation and morphological characteristics of different flue-cured tobacco varieties were similar,but the processes of flower bud differentiation and tobacco plant growth were slightly different.