美国营利性大学营利性与公益性争议、协调机制及发展趋向

The Profitability and Public Benefits of American For-profit Universities:The Disputes,Coordination Mechanism and Development Trend

美国营利性大学的教育服务既不属于公共产品也不具有“公共领域”职能,但其教育结果具有公共收益。美国联邦政府一方面为营利性大学提供公共资助,另一方面通过实施“三维一体”分类管理对其进行监管。究其本质,美国联邦政府的公共资助是一种教育供给凭单制度,意图在中学后教育领域引入竞争机制,将政府的角色由教育服务生产者转变为组织者。未来教育营利性与公益性协调发展的趋向在于维护教育“共同利益”,其供给可由政府协调社会组织和私人部门共同行动。

The educational services offered by American for-profit universities are neither public goods nor acting as public sphere,but they’re of public benefits.On the one hand,the federal government provides public aids for for-profit universities;on the other hand,it regulates them through the implementation of three-dimension classified management.In essence,public aids from American federal government is a kind of education supply voucher system,aiming to introduce the competition mechanism into the field of post-secondary education,and changing the government role from the education service producer to the organizer.In the future,the trend of the coordinated development of educational profitability and public benefits lies in defending education as the common good,which can be supplied by the shared actions of the government,social organizations and the private sectors.