外源硒对芒果硒含量及果实营养品质的影响

Effects of exogenous selenium on selenium content and fruit quality of Mangifera indica L.

探讨叶面喷施和土施外源硒对芒果叶片和果实硒含量、果实矿质元素含量及营养品质的影响,以期为富硒芒果的安全生产提供理论依据和技术支持。以"桂热82号"芒果为试材,叶面喷施以亚硒酸钠为硒源,设置0.0、25.0、50.0、100.0、150.0和200.0 mg/L 6个浓度水平,于生理落果结束后,每15 d喷施一次,连喷2次。土施设置亚硒酸钠处理和硒酸钠处理,施肥量为10 g/株,于花期沟施。结果表明,芒果叶片和果实中的硒含量随着叶面喷硒浓度的增加而递增。叶面喷施50 mg/L亚硒酸钠可显著提高果实Vc含量,200 mg/L亚硒酸钠可显著提高果实K、可滴定酸含量,100~200 mg/L亚硒酸钠可显著降低果实Zn、Ca含量。土施相同量的亚硒酸钠和硒酸钠均可显著提高芒果叶片和果实硒含量。土施硒酸钠叶片和果实硒含量显著高于亚硒酸钠。土施10 g/株亚硒酸钠显著降低果实Ca、Mg含量,土施10 g/株硒酸钠显著提高果实K、Vc含量,降低果实Ca含量。叶面喷硒和土壤施硒均可显著提高芒果叶片和果实硒含量,其中叶面喷硒提高幅度远大于土壤施硒提高幅度。土施硒酸钠比亚硒酸钠更容易被芒果吸收。富硒芒果生产上推荐叶面喷施25.0~50.0 mg/L亚硒酸钠,或者土施10 g/株硒酸钠。

This paper aim to explore the effects of foliar and soil application of selenium on the contents of selenium,mineral elements and the fruit quality of Mangifera indica L.,which will provide the theoretical basis and technology support for the safety production of selenium-rich mango.Mango cultivar“Guire 82”was used as the experimental material,and the sodium selenite solution was selected as selenium source in spraying selenium experiment,and six concentrations were designed,including 0.0,25.0,50.0,100.0,150.0 and 200.0 mg/L.The solution of treatments was sprayed twice every 15 days after physiological fruit drop time.The soil selenium experiment included 10 g/plant sodium selenite and 10 g/plant sodium selenate treatment at flowering.The results indicated that selenium both in leaves and fruits increased in response to the increasing selenium concentration after spraying different concentrations of sodium selenite on the leaves of Mangifera indica L.Both selenite and selenate soil selenium treatments increased the selenium content in leaves and fruits,while selenate treatment was more effective.Spraying 50 mg/L sodium selenite significantly increased the content of Vc in fruit,and 200 mg/L sodium selenite significantly increased the content of K and titration acid in fruit,while spraying 100~200 mg/L sodium selenite significantly decreased Zn and Ca content in fruit.The soil treatment with 10 g/plant sodium selenite significantly decreased Ca and Mg content in fruit,while the selenate treatment at the same dose significantly increased K and Vc content and decreased Ca content in fruit.Both foliar and soil application of selenium increased the contents of selenium in leaves and fruits,where foliar application increased much more than soil application.Sodium selenate was easier to be absorbed than sodium selenite in soil selenium application.Spraying 25.0~50.0 mg/L sodium selenite or soil treatment with 10 g/plant sodium selenate could be recommended for the production of Se-enriched mango.