黄河流域与长江经济带生态全要素生产率对比研究

A Comparative Study of the Ecological Total Factor Productivities in Yellow River Basin and Yangtze River Economic Belt

基于强可持续发展理论,以黄河流域与长江经济带19个省份2001—2018年面板数据为样本,秉承"总体绩效—分项绩效—要素贡献度识别"的思路,文章对两大流域生态全要素生产率指数及分项指数进行对比分析并构建动态面板模型,识别不同外部因素对两大流域生态全要素生产率的影响。结果显示:2001—2018年黄河流域生态全要素生产率的年均增速低于长江经济带。黄河流域投入要素呈现"生态—劳动—能源—资本"贡献度依次递减的格局,长江经济带投入要素呈现"劳动—生态—能源—资本"贡献度依次递减的格局。人均GDP、能源结构、外资利用对黄河流域生态全要素生产率的提升具有促进作用,人口密度、城镇化、环境分权对其有抑制作用;科技创新、流域治理、城镇化、财政分权促进了长江经济带生态全要素生产率的提升,人均GDP、人口密度则对其有明显的抑制作用。最后,提出两大流域差异化的生态全要素生产率提升对策以及加强流域协同治理、完善生态补偿机制等建议。

Based on the theory of strong sustainable development,adhering to the idea of"overall performance-sub performancefactor contribution recognition",the paper takes the panel data of 19 provinces in Yellow River Basin and Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2001 to 2018 as a sample,makes a comparative analysis of the ecological total factor productivity index and its subindex of the aeras and constructs a dynamic panel model to identify the influence of different external factors on the ecological total factor productivity of the two river basins.The study shows that the average annual growth rate of the ecological total factor productivity of Yellow River Basin from 2001 to 2018 was lower than that of Yangtze River Economic Belt.Wherein,the input factors of ecology,labor,energy and capital in Yellow River Basin generate contributions in descending order.While,the input factors of labor,ecology,energy and capital in Yangtze River Economic Belt generate contributions in descending order.In addition,the GDP per capita,energy structure and foreign capital utilization can promote the improvement of ecological total factor productivity in Yellow River Basin.While,the population density,urbanization and environmental decentralization restrain it.The scientific and technological innovation,river basin governance,urbanization and fiscal decentralization increase the ecological total factor productivity of Yangtze River Economic Belt.While,the GDP per capita and population density exert obvious inhibition effect on it.Finally,the paper propose different countermeasures to improve the ecological total factor productivities of the two major river basins,and suggestions to strengthen the coordinated management of the two river basins and improve the ecological compensation mechanisms.