谁拥有巴勒斯坦:爱因斯坦、卡勒与希提关于犹太民族权利的争论

Who Owns Palestine: Albert Einstein, Erich Kahler and Philip Hitti's Disputes over Jewish National Rights

在犹太人对巴勒斯坦民族权利问题的讨论上,爱因斯坦、卡勒与希提的论争主要围绕两大问题展开:一是历史优先权,即阿拉伯人和犹太人的祖先哪一方先来到巴勒斯坦地区,是否始终在巴勒斯坦生活;二是犹太复国主义运动是否出于和平目的,是否促进了巴勒斯坦繁荣并惠及阿拉伯人。希提否定犹太人对巴勒斯坦的民族权利诉求,认为阿拉伯人进入巴勒斯坦的时间早于犹太人,巴勒斯坦自古以来属于阿拉伯人,而犹太人在巴勒斯坦的移民和建设侵犯了阿拉伯人的民族权益。爱因斯坦和卡勒则针锋相对地予以反驳。双方都从历史和现实中寻找论据为本民族在巴勒斯坦的权利进行辩护,但各自立场和观点分歧巨大且难以调和。这场论辩在学术争鸣的层面上反映了阿拉伯民族主义与犹太复国主义之间的“天然矛盾”,无果而终的争论也从侧面预示着解决巴勒斯坦问题的复杂程度。

On the issue of the Jewish national rights in Palestine,the argument among Albert Einstein,Erich Kahler and Philip Hitti were mainly focused on the following questions.Firstly,the historical priority,namely which of the ancestors of Arabs or Jews came to Palestine first,who has been lived in Palestine all the time,and whether the history was interrupted.Secondly,whether the Zionist movement is for peaceful purposes and promoted Palestinian prosperity and benefited the Arabs.Hitti denied the Jewish claim to national rights of Palestine,arguing that the Arabs came to Palestine earlier than the Jews,Palestine has been owned by the Arabs since ancient times,and the Jewish immigration and construction in Palestine violated the Arabs rights.Einstein and Kahler disproved Hitti.Both sides asserted their national rights in Palestine on the basis of history and reality.The gaps between them are too great to reconcile.The dispute reflects the natural contradiction between the Arab nationalism and Zionism at the academic dimension,and the fruitless debate also indicates the complexity for solving the Palestinian issue in the future.