平台型企业的权力生成与规制选择研究

The Study on Power Generation and Regulation Choice of Platform Enterprises

平台型企业出于资源竞争的需要进行自我规制,从而衍生出了新的权力。平台企业运用财产性处罚、关涉行为能力的处罚以及声誉性处罚等方式构建了权力框架;通过对数据访问的准入控制与信息封锁实现了隐微的"数据控制权"。由于互联网世界"去中心化"与"代码即法律"等特点,政府对平台企业的监管存在立法滞后、执法尺度不适宜以及技术壁垒难以突破等问题。于是,平台权力与政府权力在边界模糊处彼此碰撞、试探、产生了诸如权力划界及规制责任分配等问题。政府介入平台监管时应秉承"元规制"的理念,在尊重平台自律的同时尝试塑造一种回应性的法。政府在对平台自律进行规制时可以有效匹配不同种类的规制工具,既要注意"规制总强度恒定"原则,又要综合考量产业创新发展与用户权益保护等因素。

The platform enterprises enforce self-regulation in the need of resource competition,and thus derive new power.Platform enterprises use property punishment,punishment related to behavior ability and reputation punishment to build the new power framework.Meanwhile,they obtain the invisible"data control power"through access control and information blocking.Due to the characteristics of"decentralization"and"code is law"in the Internet world,there are some problems in the government’s supervision of platform enterprises,such as the lag of legislation,the unsuitable scale of law enforcement and the difficulty of breaking through technical barriers.The power of the platform and the power of the government compete with each other and raise the question of how to allocate regulatory responsibility.The government should adhere to the concept of"meta regulation"and try to shape a responsive law while respecting platforms’self-regulation.The government shall effectively match different kinds of regulatory tools when regulating platforms’self-regulation.It should not only pay attention to the principle of"constant total intensity of regulation",but also comprehensively consider factors such as industrial development and the protection of users’interests.