论比例原则在外资国家安全审查中适用

On the Application of the Principle of Proportion in the National Security Review of Foreign Investment

比例原则作为公法领域的"皇冠原则"是对限制基本权利的国家权力的限制,它通过"手段""目的"之间的合比例分析框架规范国家权力的行使、确保权力行使的适度性,将它引入外资国家安全审查之中具有理论和实践两方面的重要意义。比例原则的适用具有广泛性,可适用于行政执法的各个领域。外资国家安全审查是东道国行政机关为保护国家安全而在外资领域实施的行政执法行为,该行为会对外资领域的自由、交易者的自由权利、投资者的财产权利造成限制,行政机关在审查中享有宽泛的自由裁量权,比例原则在外资国家安全审查中具有可适用性。根据比例原则,外资国家安全审查应当作为东道国外资领域的"最后手段"保护国家安全,审查的交易应与国家安全密切相关,审查的范围不应泛化,应审慎地适用禁止性措施,缓解条款的适用严格以避免国家安全风险为焦点。

As the crown principle in the field of public law,the principle of proportionality,which is a restriction on the state power restricting the basic rights,standardizes the exercise of state power and ensures the moderation of the exercise of power through the proportionality analysis framework between"means"and"purposes".It is of theoretical and practical significance to introduce the principle of proportionality into the national security review of foreign capital.The application of the principle of proportionality is extensive and can be applied to all areas of administrative law enforcement.The national security review of foreign investment is administrative act carried out by the host country,which will restrict the freedom of foreign capital,the free rights of traders,and the property rights of investors,and the discretion in review is broad,so that the principle of proportion is applicable in the examination of national security of foreign capital.According to the principle of proportionality,the national security review of foreign investment should be used as the"last resort"to protect the national security,the transactions under review should be closely related to national security,the scope of the review should not be generalized,prohibitive measures should be applied prudently,and mitigation clauses should be applied strictly to avoid national security risks.