公民资源权的内涵及法律实现

The Connotation and Legal Realization of Citizen’s Resource Right

我国进入新时代,自然资源开发、利用领域的不平衡问题不断凸显.如何实现自然资源社会性价值成为生态文明法治建设亟待解决的议题.现有的自然资源权利体系不足以保障资源社会性价值的实现.公民资源权是指公民合理利用自然资源以及共享自然资源开发利用成果的权利.相比自然资源物权、环境权,公民资源权具有符合时代性要求的独特价值定位.有必要明晰公民资源权的宪法性基础地位,在宪法中增加“中华人民共和国公民有为生活需要合理利用自然资源的权利”、“国家保障自然资源的开发利用使社会福利得以增加,保障公民共享自然资源利用利益”的规定.同时建议通过改革土地所有权收益制度、构建环境政策评估制度使公民资源权得以具体实现.

In the new era of China's development,the question of unbalanced development in the field of natural resources utilization has become increasingly prominent.How to realize the social value of natural resources has become an urgent issue in the legal construction of ecological civilization.The current natural resource rights system can not ensure the realization of the social value of resources.The citizen's right to resources refers to the citizen's right to make rational use of natural resources and to share the results of the exploitation and utilization.Compared with the real right of natural resources and the right of environment,the citizen's resource right has the unique value orientation in line with the requirements of the times.Therefore,it is necessary to clarify the constitutional basis of citizen's right to resources,and add provisions in the Constitution that“citizens of the People's Republic of China have the right to make rational use of natural resources for their living needs”and“the state guarantees the development and utilization of natural resources to increase social welfare and ensure that citizens share the benefits of natural resources utilization”.At the same time,it is suggested to reform the land ownership income system and construct the environmental policy evaluation system to realize the citizen's resource right.