中美贸易摩擦下的中日韩集成电路产业生态

The Ecosystem of China-Japan-South Korea Integrated Circuit Industry under the Sino-US Trade Frictions

集成电路产业在其研发和生产上有显著的规模经济,而且其运输成本很低。因此,集成电路产生国际分工和专业化是很自然而合理的。在2018年中日韩贸易总额中,集成电路贸易占了24%。当前,中美贸易摩擦导致东亚地区出口萎缩。美国政府阻碍东亚企业向中国出口某种集成电路,并干涉国外企业之间的集成电路贸易,导致了国际产业链的混乱和不稳定。建立中日韩自由贸易区有利于维护和发展三国在集成电路领域的优势互补关系。中日韩在自由贸易谈判的时候,应该在军用集成电路和民用集成电路的划分标准上达成共识;与此同时,也应当在共同协商的基础上修改标准或者调整出口审查手续,避免一国单方面抬高贸易门槛。

The integrated circuit(IC)industry has a significant effect of economy of scale in its R&D and production,and its transportation costs are very low.Therefore,the international division of labor and specialization for the IC industry are natural and reasonable.In the total trade volume among China,Japan and South Korea in 2018,IC trade accounted for 24%.Currently,the Sino-US trade frictions have led to shrinking exports in East Asia.The US government hinders East Asian companies from exporting certain types of IC to China and interferes in IC trade between foreign companies,causing chaos and instability in the international industrial chain.The establishment of a China-Japan-South Korea free trade zone is conducive to maintaining and developing the complementary relationship of the three countries in the IC field.During free trade negotiations,they should reach a consensus on the classification standard for the military IC and civilian IC;at the same time,when standards need to be changed or export review procedures need to be adjusted,they should be based on consultation rather than unilaterally raising the trade threshold.