水循环视角下的黄河流域生态保护关键问题

Key issues of ecological conservation in the Yellow River basin from a water cycle perspective

流域作为陆地水循环的基本单元,其在生态保护修复中的地位和作用越来越得到重视。随着人类活动影响的加剧,流域水循环逐步演变为“自然-社会”二元模式,流域生态系统也在结构和功能上逐步转化为自然-社会复合结构和功能。本文基于对自然-社会二元水循环与流域生态保护关系的分析,针对黄河流域生态本底和特征,分别从空间格局和时间过程上提出了维护黄河流域生态系统完整性的主要原则和重点,并针对三江源区、祁连山-秦岭、黄土高原、黄河三角洲几个流域生态保护重点区域,分析了各区域目前存在的主要问题,提出了下一阶段保护治理的措施建议,以消耗一定的水资源为代价,实现坦化水循环极值性、大幅度减少冲沙用水、恢复自然生态三大功效,促进黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展。

As the basic unit of the water cycle,the basin has received increasing attention based on its role in ecological protection and restoration.With the increasing impact of human activities on the water cy⁃cle of the basin,the water cycle has gradually evolved into a"natural-artificial"dualistic model,which means that the structure and function of the ecosystem in the basin have also shown the characteristics of the natural-society complex.Based on the analysis of the relationship between the natural-artificial dualistic water cycle and the ecological protection of the basin,this paper puts forward the main principles and fo⁃cuses on maintaining the integrity of the ecosystem of the Yellow River basin in terms of spatial pattern and time based on the understanding of the ecological background and characteristics of the Yellow River basin.In view of the key areas of ecological protection in the Three-River Headwater Region,the Qilian Mountains-Qinling Mountains Region,the Loess Plateau,and the Yellow River Delta,the main ecological protection problems existing in each area are analyzed.The protection and governance measures in the next stage are proposed.The measures suggest that at the cost of consuming a certain amount of water resourc⁃es,three goals should be achieved,namely,lessening the extreme value of the water cycle,greatly reduc⁃ing the water used for sand flushing,and restoring the natural ecology.It will promote ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River basin.