孕妇的心理抑郁状况调查及影响因素分析

Depression in pregnant women and its influencing factors

目的:了解孕妇的心理健康状况,并分析相关影响因素,为孕妇的心理健康干预提供参考依据。方法:选取西南医科大学附属中医医院孕妇学校微信群成员为研究对象,共计205人,在2020年1月26日至3月14日期间通过“问卷星”线上填写一般资料、抑郁自评量表和焦虑自评量表,收集的资料采用SPSS21.0软件进行数析。结果:共收回有效问卷190份,其中存在轻度抑郁症状者28人(14.74%),中度抑郁症状者12人(6.31%),重度抑郁症状者6人(3.16%)。经多因素分析,年龄、居住地、是否参加孕妇学校学习对孕妇抑郁症状的出现无统计学意义(P>0.05)。但孕次少、学历高、从事个体经营职业、经济负担重、对公共突发事件的担心和存在焦虑症状是SDS得分的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论:家庭、医疗机构应高度重视孕妇心理健康,采取各种措施积极干预,缓解孕妇的焦虑和抑郁,减少孕妇抑郁症及焦虑症的发生,保障母儿身心健康。

Objective:To investigate the mental health of pregnant women and the influencing factors,and to provide a reference for mental health intervention for pregnant women.Methods:A total of 205 pregnant women were selected from the WeChat group of the pregnancy school of the Affiliated TCM Hospital of Southwest Medical University.During January 26 to March 14,2020,the participants were required to fill out general information,Self-rating Depression Scale,and Self-rating Anxiety Scale on the Questionnaire Star platform.The data were analyzed by SPSS 21.0.Results:A total of 190 valid questionnaires were returned.Twenty-eight participants(14.74%)had mild depressive symptoms,12(6.31%)had moderate depressive symptoms,and 6(3.16%)had severe depressive symptoms.Multivariate analysis showed that age,place of residence,or whether to attend the pregnancy school was not associated with the presence of depressive symptoms(P>0.05).Few pregnancies,high education level,self-employment,heavy economic burden,being concerned about public emergencies,and the presence of anxiety were the influencing factors for the score of the Self-rating Depression Scale(P<0.05).Conclusion:Families and medical institutions should attach great importance to the mental health of pregnant women,and take measures to reduce their depression and anxiety and ensure the well-being of mothers and babies.