帕金森病的分子机制及细胞移植治疗进展

Progress in Molecular Mechanisms and Cell Transplantation Therapy of Parkinson′s Disease

神经元是神经系统的基本结构和功能单位,一旦神经元受损或缺失,将会破坏神经调节的平衡而导致一系列神经系统疾病。帕金森病(Parkinson′s disease,PD)就是一种由大量中脑黑质致密部多巴胺能神经元选择性缺失而导致的一种多病因性的慢性神经系统退行性疾病。目前,常见的PD药物及辅助疗法仅能在一定程度上缓解临床症状,不能从根本上延缓疾病进程。随着全球干细胞与重编程技术的快速发展,通过细胞移植来治疗包括帕金森病在内的神经系统退行性疾病已成为一种十分具有潜力的新型疗法。笔者主要概述了帕金森病的相关分子机制和患者自体来源多巴胺能神经元的准备及其移植治疗帕金森病的研究进展,以期对PD的诊断和治疗提供帮助。

Neuron is the basic structure and functional unit of nervous system.Once the neurons are damaged or lost,the balance of neuroregulation will be destroyed and a series of nervous system diseases will be induced.Parkinson′s disease(PD)is a kind of chronic neurodegenerative disease caused by selective loss of many dopaminergic neurons in the dense region of the substantia nigra in the ventral midbrain.At present,conventional drugs and adjuvant therapies can only relieve clinical symptoms to a certain extent,but cannot fundamentally delay the progress of the disease.With the rapid development of stem cells and reprogramming technologies around the world,cell transplantation to deal with neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson′s disease has become a new and potential therapy.This paper mainly summarizes the molecular mechanisms of Parkinson′s disease,the preparation of autogenous dopaminergic neurons and the research progresses of dopaminergic neurons transplantation in the treatment of Parkinson′s disease.