微针经皮递送胰岛素的研究进展

Advances in Transdermal Delivery of Insulin by Microneedle

胰岛素是机体内唯一降低血糖的激素,是治疗糖尿病的一线药物,目前已上市的制剂主要为注射剂。胰岛素半衰期短,须频繁给药,给病人带来较大不便。经皮给药系统在无创性给药的基础上能够避免胃肠道吸收引起的酶降解过程,但由于皮肤的屏障作用,胰岛素较难透过皮肤进入血液达到疗效。微针是一种新型的经皮给药方式,可在皮肤上建立微米级的药物递送通道,增强皮肤对药物尤其是大分子药物的渗透性。近年来,关于胰岛素微针给药的报道呈逐年增多趋势,故笔者对不同种类微针递送胰岛素给药系统作简要总结,并介绍能够响应血糖浓度变化的智能递送胰岛素微针的释药机制。

Insulin,the only hormone in human body that decreases blood glucose,plays an important role in diabetes treatments.Currently,as a biopharmaceutics,it is mostly administrated by injections.Moreover,frequent dosing is required because of its short half-life,bringing great pain to patients.The transdermal drug delivery system is one of orientations,which can avoid enzymatic degradation caused by gastrointestinal absorption in noinvasive way.However,due to the skin barrier,it is difficult for insulin to pass through the skin to achieve therapeutic effects.Microneedle,a novel transdermal technology,can establish micronscale drug delivery channels to corium layer,and enhance drug permeability especially macromolecular drugs.In recent years,more and more studies focus on microneedle technology to efficiently and safely transport insulin.Thus,we will briefly summarize the types of microneedles,and introduce the mechanism of smart insulin microneedle delivery systems which can respond to changes of blood glucose concentration.