乡村“福利型”产业逻辑内涵与发展路径探讨

DISCUSSION ON THE LOGICAL CONNOTATION AND DEVELOPMENT PATH OF RURAL“WELFARE”INDUSTRY

通过对疫情期间返村村民担忧生计的观察与思考,结合多年的乡村工作实践经验,从国家治理、城乡关系、人本主义3个视角分析阐述了乡村产业的作用与价值,揭示了我国乡村日趋面临产业发展非农化、农业利润低值化,产业发展主要服务于城市、忽略乡村自身诉求,资本下乡以效益至上、惠及乡村能力低,乡村产业同质化严重、产品质量参差不齐等问题。这些问题将加剧城乡发展不平衡,威胁到城乡融合发展目标的实现,阻碍乡村振兴战略的推进实施。根据社会公平理论和福利理论——弱势群体利益的保障、福利的供给既是国家稳定的前提,也是政治文明程度的表征,提出乡村"福利型"产业的逻辑内涵与类型,并尝试以钻石模型为基础,就乡村"福利型"产业发展路径提出相关建议。

By observing and thinking about the livelihood of the villagers returning to the village during the epidemic,the role and value of rural industry are analyzed from the three perspectives of national governance,urban-rural relations,and humanism.Based on many years of observation and thinking in the practice of rural work,we believe that China’s rural areas are increasingly facing non-agricultural industrialization and low value of agricultural profits;industrial development mainly serves the city,ignoring the village’s own demands;capital goes to the countryside to pursue profit with low capacity benefiting the village;serious homogenization of rural industries and uneven product quality exist.These problems will exacerbate the imbalance between urban and rural development,threaten the realization of the goal of urban-rural integration,and hinder the implementation of rural revitalization strategies.Then according to the social equity theory and welfare theory,that is,the protection of the interests of vulnerable groups and the supply of welfare are both the premise of national stability and the representation of the degree of political civilization,this paper proposes the logical connotation and type of rural"welfare"industries,and makes relevant suggestions on the rural"welfare"industry development path based on the diamond model.