男女护士风险感知水平及影响因素对比研究

Comparative study on risk perception level and influencing factors of male and female nurses in five hospitals

目的调查济南市5所三级甲等医院男女护士的风险感知水平及其影响因素并进行比较分析,以期为护理管理者进行个体化、区别化的管理提供理论依据。方法采用护理人员风险感知问卷、大五人格简式量表、正性和负性情绪量表、护理工作环境量表,于2018-05-15-2018-12-17对山东省肿瘤医院(男女护士各26名)、山东省立医院(男女护士各100名)、山东省千佛山医院(男女护士各109名)、山东大学齐鲁医院(男女护士各92名)及山东省精神卫生中心(男女护士各24名)5所医院的男女护士各351名进行调查,每所医院的男女护士为相同科室、相同工龄(相差2年内)者。完成数据收集并整理,采用χ^2检验、标准偏差与回归分析数据统计方法,使用SPSS 19.0对有效数据进行分析。结果男护士风险感知处于低水平者多于女护士,处于中高水平者少于女护士。在风险感知各维度得分中,男护士的身体功能风险、组织因素风险得分低于女护士。其影响因素中,男护士为职称(副主任护师及以上)、工作年限(3~5年、6~8年、9~10年、>10年)、科室(内科)、人格(严谨性、开放性)、正性情绪;女护士为职称(护师、主管护师)、工作年限(3~5、6~8、9~10、>10年)、人格(严谨性、愉悦性)、正性情绪、负性情绪、充足人物力。结论男女护士风险感知水平差异较大,且男护士明显低于女护士,两者的风险感知影响因素有相同之处也有差异之处,管理者应当根据两者的特征进行个体化的区别管理。

OBJECTIVE To investigate the level of risk perception of male and female nurses in five Grade-A hospitals in Jinan and its influencing factors,so as to provide theoretical basis for individualized and differentiated management of nursing managers.METHODS From May 15,2018 to December 17,2018,by using the nurses’risk perception questionnaire,big five personality short form scale,positive and negative emotion scale,and nursing work environment scale,Shandong Cancer Hospital(26 male and female nurses each),Shandong Provincial Hospital(100 male and female nurses),Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital(109 male and female nurses),Qilu Hospital of Shandong University(92 male and female nurses each)and Shandong Provincial elite nurses were investigated.A total of 351 male and female nurses from five hospitals of Shenzhou Health Center(24 male and 24 female)were investigated.The male and female nurses in each hospital were from the same department with the same length of service(within 2 years).The data were collected and sorted out.Chi square test,standard deviation and regression analysis were used to analyze the effective data using SPSS 19.0.RESULTS Male nurses with low risk perception were more than female nurses,and those at medium and high level were less than female nurses.Among the dimensions of risk perception,male nurses scored lower than female nurses in terms of physical function risk and organizational factor risk.Among the influencing factors,male nurses were professional title(deputy chief nurse or above),working years(3-5 years,6-8 years,9-10 years,>10 years),and departments(internal and external).The female nurses were professional title(nurse,supervisor nurse),working years(3-5 years,6-8 years,9-10 years,>10 years),personality(rigorous,pleasant),positive emotion,negative emotion,sufficient personality.CONCLUSIONS The level of risk perception of male and female nurses is significantly different,and male nurses are significantly lower than female nurses.There are similarities and differences in risk perception between the two nurses.Managers should carry out individualized management according to their characteristics.