山西省中部旱地小麦品种演变规律研究

Study on the Evolution Rule of Wheat Varieties in Shanxi Central Arid Zone

利用1996—2017年山西省中部旱地小麦长治试点的区试结果,通过对产量及相关农艺性状进行相关性和通径分析,研究其演变规律并分析目前山西省中部旱地小麦育种的难点,以期为山西省旱地小麦育种提供参考。结果表明,22 a间山西省中部旱地小麦品种产量呈逐年递增趋势,年遗传进展30.29 kg/hm2,但年度间产量变幅较大;主要农艺性状的演变趋势是,有效穗数、穗粒数有所增加,千粒质量基本保持稳定,株高有所降低,抽穗期、灌浆期、成熟期有所提前,年平均进展分别为0.24%、0.16%、-0.04%、-0.39%、-0.11%、-0.078%和-0.105%。相关性和通径分析表明,有效穗数、穗粒数对产量的直接作用较大,千粒质量对产量的直接作用较小。为了适应山西省生产条件和气候的变化,山西省中部旱地小麦品种的选育应是在确保品种的丰产性同时提高品种抗旱性和适应性以适应不同年型,通过选择灌浆期和成熟期长的品种提高千粒质量。

The regional trial results of Shanxi central arid zone at Changzhi point from 1996 to 2017 were used to analyze the correlation and path of yield and related agronomic traits.To provide reference for wheat breeding in dry land of Shanxi province,the evolution rule and the difficulties of wheat breeding in dry land of Shanxi province were studied.The results showed that in the past 22 years,the yield of wheat varieties in the central dry land of Shanxi province increased year by year,with an annual genetic gain of 30.29 kg/hm^2,but the yield varied greatly in different years.The trend of main agronomic traits were that the effective panicles and kernels per spike increased,1000-grain quality remained stable,the plant height decreased,and the heading period,filling period and mature period advanced.Their annual genetic gain was 0.24%,0.16%,-0.04%,-0.39%,-0.11%,-0.078%and-0.105%,respectively.The correlation and path analysis showed that the effective panicles and kernels per spike had a greater direct effect on yield,while 1000-grain quality had a smaller direct effect on yield.To adapt to the changes of production conditions and climate in Shanxi province,the breeding of wheat varieties in Shanxi central arid zone should not only ensure the high yield,but also improve the drought resistance and adaptability to different year types.And the breeding of wheat varieties should increase 1000-grain quality by selecting varieties with long filling period and mature period.