三年内新护士职业转型冲击影响因素的调查分析

Investigation and analysis on the impact factors of new nurses′career transition shock within three years

目的探讨3年内新护士职业转型冲击现状及其主要影响因素,为临床制订新护士职业培训及管理策略提供理论依据。方法采用目的取样研究法,选取2019年7月至2020年1月天津市5所三级甲等医院386名3年内新护士为研究对象,采用杰弗逊共情量表—护士版(JSE)、护士组织支持感量表(OSS)及新护士转型冲击评价量表(TSNGNS)和自行设计的一般资料调查表进行问卷调查,分析3年内新护士职业转型冲击的主要影响。结果386名3年内新护士职业转型冲击总分(85.76±25.14)分;共情能力得分为(81.24±05.21)分,组织支持感得分为(45.74±12.51)分。回归分析显示,目前是否热爱所学专业、从事护理工作时间、换位思考、共情能力总分及情感性支持是3年内新护士职业转型冲击的的主要影响因素(t值为2.068、2.324、4.155、2.137、3.938,P<0.05)。结论加强对刚从事护理工作7~9个月、护理工作抵触、共情能力欠缺的新护士的培训及情感支持性干预,以期降低其职业转型的冲击程度。

Objective To explore the main influencing factors of the impact of new nurses′career transition shock in three years,and to provide theoretical basis for the clinical development of new nurses'vocational training and management strategy.Methods By using the method of objective sampling,386 new nurses in 5 first-class tertiary hospitals in Tianjin were selected as the research objects within three years.The Jefferson Scale of Empathy(JSE),Organizational Support Scale(OSS),the Transition Shock of Newly Graduated Nurses Scale(TSNGNS)and the self-designed general information questionnaire were used to analyse the main impact of new nurses'career transition shock in three years.Results The total score was(85.76±25.14)points for 386 new nurses in three years;the scores of empathy ability and organizational support were(81.24±05.21)points and(45.74±12.51)points.The regression analysis showed that whether a new nurse loves her major,how long she has been engaged in nursing work,empathy,total score of empathy ability and emotional support are the main influencing factors for the impact of the new nurse′s career transition shock in three years(t values were 2.068,2.324,4.155,2.137,3.938,P<0.05).Conclusions To strengthen the training and emotional support intervention for new nurses who have just been engaged in nursing work for 7-9 months,who have conflicts in nursing work and lack of empathy ability,so as to reduce the impact of their career transition shock.