乡村优先发展背景下城乡要素流动与优化配置

Urban and rural element mobility and allocation optimization under the background of rural priority development

随着乡村振兴战略的深入实施,中国乡村进入优先发展的关键阶段。科学认知乡村优先发展导向下的城乡要素配置规律与保障途径,对于落实农业农村优先发展具有重要参考意义。立足人地关系地域系统理论及"要素-结构-功能"的发展逻辑,解析乡村优先发展导向下城乡关系与要素优先保障的科学内涵,梳理中国城乡关系与要素流动的演变特征,进而从要素整合、空间融合和机制协同3个层面构建乡村要素优先保障的调控框架。结果表明:乡村优先发展是立足乡村要素、优化乡村结构、实现乡村功能的演变过程;中国城乡关系经历了城市优先发展、城乡协调发展到城乡融合发展阶段,乡村要素配置总体上呈现可流动要素类型少、要素流出难、要素流入难、要素留下更难的"一少三难"状态;在当前阶段,亟需通过扩大乡村可流动要素类型、增强要素流动权能、补齐基础设施短板,以及疏解乡村流入城市的要素存量、扩大要素流入乡村的渠道和扩展城乡"灰色空间"等多种途径,以实现"乡村富余要素流得出、城市要素流得进、稀缺要素留得下"的乡村要素优先配置目标,确保农业农村优先发展。

With the further implementation of the rural revitalization strategy,China’s rural areas have entered a critical stage with priority development.It is of great significance for the implementation of the strategy of agricultural and rural priority development to scientifically understand the law of urban and rural element allocation and guarantee approaches under the guidance of rural priority development.This paper is based on the regional system theory of human-land relationship and the developmental logic with"Element-Structure-Function".The scientific connotation for urban-rural relationship and element priority guarantee under the guidance of rural priority development is analyzed in this study.This paper sorts out the evolution characteristics of urban-rural relationship and element flow in China from three aspects,namely,the evolution of urban-rural relationship affecting element flow,the division of element flow stages and the overall characteristics of element flow.In addition,it builds a regulatory framework of priority guarantee of rural element from the aspects of element integration,spatial integration and mechanism coordination.The results show that rural priority development is an evolution process based on rural elements,optimizing rural structure and realizing rural functions.The development of relations between urban and rural areas in China has initially gone through the preferential development in urban areas,the coordinated development between urban and rural areas as well as the integration development for urban and rural areas.What’s more,the rural element allocation generally encounters such problems as less types for flow elements,poor element outflow and inflow,as well as unsound element flow.It aggravates the imbalance of the type,direction,scale and efficiency of element flow between urban and rural areas in urgent need of external intervention and regulation.At the current stage,there is an urgent need to expand the types of mobile elements in rural areas,to enhance their mobility,to strengthen the weak links in infrastructure,to dredge the stock of elements flowing into the city,to expand the channel of elements flowing into the countryside as well as to expand the"gray space"in urban and rural areas.It aims to expand the rural flow element types,to enhance its flow property,to improve urban elements into the country and to make a long-term development environment.In the end,the priority allocation targets of rural elements should be achieved,including rural elements flow,urban elements flow and scarce elements,so as to ensure the priority of agricultural and rural development.