N6-腺苷酸甲基化修饰在肿瘤发生发展中的作用

The role of N6-methyladenosine modification in tumorigenesis and development

N6-腺苷酸甲基化(m^6A)是大多数真核生物的信使RNA(mRNA)中最常见的修饰之一,它动态可逆地参与RNA生命周期的各个阶段,从RNA加工、出核、翻译到RNA降解。这种修饰是由甲基化酶(writers)安装,可以被去甲基化酶(erasers)逆转,以及被识别蛋白(readers)读取,受到它们的共同调控。随着m^6A修饰的检测和测序技术的发展以及单碱基分辨率等新兴技术的兴起,多种m6A相关蛋白陆续被鉴定出来,它们共同调控基因表达的机制已得到了更深入的解析。在此基础上,m^6A在肿瘤增殖、迁移、侵袭等过程中发挥的作用日益凸显,相关机制的阐明对肿瘤的诊断与预后表现着极为重要的作用。

N6-methyladenosine(m6A)is the most prevalent and internal modification that occurs in the messenger RNAs(mRNA)of most eukaryotes.Modifications of m6A are dynamic and reversible while involved in all stages in the life cycle of RNA,ranging from RNA processing,through nuclear exporting,translation modulation to RNA degradation.This modification is installed by the m6A methylation"writers",reversed by demethylases that serve as"erasers"and recognized by"readers".As the development of m6A detecting techniques and the emerging of other novel technologies,such as single base resolution sequencing,a variety of m6A modification-related regulatory enzymes have been identified,facilitating the interpretation of their potential biological functions.On this basis,m6A plays an increasingly important role in the process of tumor proliferation,migration and invasion.The elucidation of relevant mechanisms plays an important role in the diagnosis and prognosis of tumor.