单元规模、治理成本与乡村治理结构转型研究

Unit scale,governance cost and structure transformation of rural governance

在乡村社会中,治理单元规模、治理成本与乡村治理结构选择密切相关。当单元规模较小时,“关系—制度型”治理结构具有低成本优势;当单元规模较大时,“制度—关系型”治理结构具有比较成本优势。所以,伴随单元规模的扩大,乡村治理结构由“关系—制度型”结构转向“制度—关系型”结构,方能实现治理有效。目前乡村社会中,关系治理的路径依赖与外部环境的变化严重制约或影响着乡村治理结构转型,导致乡村社会治理失灵。而要想走出治理失灵,一方面,应科学看待合村并组,推动治理单元规模调整与乡村治理结构转型相协调,另一方面,要合理对待既有关系与制度,既要建构制度与清理制度并重,又要利用关系与规范关系并行,以优化乡村治理结构。

In rural society,the scale of governance unit and governance cost are closely related to the choice of rural governance structure.When the unit scale is small,the“relationship-institutional”governance structure has the advantage of a low cost;when the unit scale is large,the“institution-relationship”governance structure possesses the advantage of comparative cost.Hence,with the expansion of the unit scale,only when the rural governance structure changes from the“relationship-institutional”to the“institution-relationship”can effective governance be realized.In the current rural society,the path dependence of relationship governance and changes in the external environment have severely restricted or affected the transformation of rural governance structure,inducing the failure of rural social governance.To eliminate the governance failures,on the one hand,the merging of villages should be treated scientifically so as to push the coordination of the adjustment in the scale of governance unit and the transformation of rural governance structure.On the other hand,existing relationships and systems should be treated rationally by attaching equal attention to system construction and system clearance,making use of the relationship in parallel with normalizing the relationship so as to optimize the rural governance structure.