清代贵州的贞女现象——以地方志为中心的考察

The phenomenon of virgins in Guizhou in Qing dynasty--an investigation centered on local Chronicles

贞女,泛指有节操并从一而终的女子,发展至清代成为官僚士子、文人墨客、平民百姓所共同推崇的道德模范,在地方志中广泛记载并流传下来。贞女作为清代社会生活中的特殊群体呈现了自身独有的政治和文化特质。以贵阳府、遵义府、大定府、铜仁府、兴义府、松桃厅、思南府、安顺府、镇远府、黎平府的方志记载中贞女事例为依据,归纳整理出贞女的主要类型和其明志守节的具体行为,并据此探讨贵州地区贞女现象盛行背后的主客观因素。

The chastity generally refers to women who have integrity and are faithful to their husbands onto their death.In Qing Dynasty,the chastity developed into a moral model praised highly by the bureaucrats,scholars and civilian,which was widely recorded in the local chronicles and passed down.As a special group in the social life of Qing Dynasty,the Virgin presented its own unique political and cultural characteristics.Based on the records of the local chronicles of Guiyang,Zunyi,Dading,Tongren,Xingyi,Songtao Hall,Sinan,Anshun,Zhenyuan,and Liping County,the main types of chastity women and their specific behaviors of keeping chastity are reorganized and summarized in this paper and accordingly the subjective and objective factors behind the prevalence of chastity women in Guizhou will also be explored.