21世纪大学理念的激荡与通识教育的展望

The Agitation of University Concepts and the Prospect of General Education in the 21 st Century

21世纪是一个浪卷云奔惊涛拍岸的新时代。随着中国的再起,国际秩序重组,权力结构舆图换稿,旋乾转坤;在经济“全球化”潮流之下,各国国内社会贫富差距扩大,失业率攀升,为庶民带来极大痛苦,遂激起强劲的“反全球化”浪潮,使许多国家的经济保护主义与政治民粹主义再次兴起。在教育领域中,21世纪最大的变化之一,当推大学理念的变迁与新旧教育思潮的激荡。新旧大学理念的相激相荡,处处牵动各国高教政策与大学通识教育的新动向。当前全世界大学数量庞大,类型极多,难以综括,所以本文谨以美国、日本与中国台湾的少数著名大学作为讨论的对象,探讨21世纪大学理念的激荡与大学通识教育的新展望。

The 21 st century is a new era of unrest and vigorousness.With the resurgence of China,the international order has been reorganized,and the power structure map has been totally changed.Under the trend of economic globalization,the gap between the rich and the poor in the domestic society of various countries has widened,and the unemployment rate has risen,causing great suffering to the common people and arousing a strong wave of“anti-globalization”,which revives economic protectionism and political populism in many countries.In the field of education,one of the biggest changes in the 21st century is the change of university concepts and the agitation of old and new educational thoughts.The turbulence of the old and new university concepts has affected the new trends of higher education policies and university general education in various countries.At present,the number of universities in the world is huge,and there are so many types that it is difficult to generalize comprehensively.Therefore,this paper focuses on a few well-known universities in the United States,Japan,and Taiwan of China,discussing the agitation of university concepts in the 21st century and new prospects for university general education.