技能形成视阈中现代学徒制内在需求动力的研究——从知识结构的角度

A Study on the Inherent Motivation of Modern Apprenticeship from the Perspective of Skill Formation:From the Perspective of Knowledge Structure

职业教育领域中的现代学徒制试点改革,是职业教育为高水平中国制造服务并培养高质量技能人才队伍的重点项目之一。在引入技能形成领域的研究成果后,相关研究者对现代学徒制宏观层面冲突进行了相对充分的反思。然而,从微观知识结构视角进行的研究仍存在不足。由于职业知识自身的特性,如非编码结构和涉身性、情境性、保密性等要求,职业技能隐性知识传递最佳场所应该是企业的车间和技能操作的场所。因此,这一职业技能传承的根本特点和内在需求,决定了现代学徒制需要长期改革动力。最后,针对我国现代学徒制实施过程中的问题,从面向宏观制度、中观学校和微观专业三个角度提出可遵循的相关实践原则。

The pilot reform of the modern apprenticeship system in the field of vocational education is one of the key projects for cultivating high-quality skilled personnel for high-level Chinese manufacturing.After the introduction of research results in the field of skill formation,researchers have focused on the macro-level conflicts of modern apprenticeship.However,the research from the perspective of knowledge structure is still insufficient.Because there are certain differences in the way of knowledge composition between the vocational knowledge field and the subject knowledge field.Due to the characteristics of occupation knowledge,such as non encoding structure and the requirements of involvement,situational and confidentiality,the best place for occupation skill tacit knowledge transfer should be the workshop and skill operation place of enterprises.Therefore,the basic characteristics and internal needs of the inheritance of vocational skills determine that modern apprenticeship needs long-term reform power.At the same time,it could help to find the relevant practical principles that can be followed in the implementation process from different angels,such as the macro system,middle school and micro professional.