论康德“纯粹实践理性的优先性”——以加德纳和维拉山科的讨论为焦点

On Kant's Proposition of Priority of Pure Practical Reason

康德在《实践理性批判》中,试图在建构法则的同时确立起来理性本身的实践性,但在辩证论的部分,他似乎同时为了其宗教的意图,要确立"至善"的至上性,因此首先要论证纯粹实践理性的优先性。本文选取了两种对待"纯粹实践理性优先性"的典型态度进行了分析,主张康德对该命题的阐明并不构成论证,相反只是其对理性之统一性论题的另一种表达的努力。因此,文章最终认为,理性之统一性只能停留在"字面含义"上。然而,文章留下了一个暂时无法解读的疑问:为什么康德不愿走上"费希特-黑格尔"式的道路?

In Critique of Practical Reason,Kant makes his efforts to construct the moral law and approves that pure reason is practical meanwhile.However,in the Dialectic,he tries to prove the highest good out of the intention of religion so that to prove the priority of Practical reason.The two typical attitudes chosen in this paper will be scrutinized,and then I hold that this is not an argument but an explanation of the way of the unity of reason.Ultimately,the article hold that the unity of reason could just be understood literally.But there remains one problem that why Kant does not think in a way as Hegel and Fichte do.