生态环境损害赔偿诉讼的制度困境与优化路径

Institutional Dilemma and Optimized Path of Ecological Environment Damage Compensation Lawsuit

2019年6月发布的《最高人民法院关于审理生态环境损害赔偿案件的若干规定(试行)》为指导人民法院正确审理生态环境损害赔偿案件提供了基本遵循,但这一试行的诉讼规则也存在诸多争议。生态环境损害赔偿诉讼的程序规则设计粗疏是导致其短期内难以案结事了的主要因素。基于此,有必要作出分散式、补丁式的制度创新:在起诉主体上,拓展起诉主体范围;在受案范围上,统一对各地法院受案识别标准进行规范;在管辖规则上,调整和变通地域管辖和级别管辖的规定;在证据规则上,统一举证责任分配规则;在诉讼衔接上,明确两诉可以合并审理并优化诉讼顺位。

Provisions of the Supreme People′s Court on the Trial of Compensation for Damages to the Ecological Environment(Trial Implementation) issued in June, 2019, provides basic guidance for guiding people′s courts to properly hear cases of ecological environment damage compensation. However, the application of which arises many controversies about the trial procedure rules. The rough design of the rules of the procedure for ecological environment damage compensation lawsuit is the main factor that makes it difficult to settle the case in the short term. In regard to this defect, it is necessary to create decentralized and patch-type system innovations: on the subject of prosecution, the scope of prosecution subject should be expanded;on the range of cases, the identification standards of people′s courts in various places must be uniformly standardized;so far as the rules of jurisdiction are concerned, the provisions of territorial jurisdiction and grade jurisdiction are to be further adjusted and adapted;in terms of the rules of evidence, the plaintiff′s burden of proof should be appropriately increased;in connection with litigation, the norms for the connection between the two suits should be improved and the procuratorial supervision function strengthened.