交通基础设施结构对城乡收入差距的空间溢出效应研究

Research on the Spatial Spillover Effect of Transportation Infrastructure on Urban-rural Income Gap

为探究交通基础设施作为一项公共品对缩小城乡收入差距的贡献程度,以二元经济发展理论,新古典经济学理论为基础,运用空间自相关,空间误差模型,在我国2005-2017年30个省级行政区(除西藏)的面板数据基础上,引入交通基础设施密度作为核心解释变量,从空间的视角探讨,交通基础设施对于改善城乡收入差距的贡献程度。实证结果显示:公路交通基础设施的建设有助于缩小城乡收入差距,其中,一级公路,三级公路对于收入差距存在正向溢出,二级公路存在负向溢出,高速公路影响并不明显;铁路基础设施则与之相反。结果表明:优化交通基础设施的投建结构对于缩小城乡收入差距存在重要的现实意义,随着资本边际收益不断递减以及人口红利优势的逐渐消失,合理分配交通基础设施投资支出对于推动经济增长向效率方向转型变得日益迫切。

In order to explore the contribution of transportation infrastructure as a public product to narrow the urban-rural income gap,the article is based on the theory of dual economic development and neoclassical economic theory,using spatial autocorrelation and spatial error models.Based on the panel data of 30 provincial administrative regions(except Tibet),the density of transportation infrastructure is introduced as the core explanatory variable,and the contribution of transportation infrastructure to improving the urban-rural income gap is discussed from a spatial perspective.The empirical results show that:the construction of highway transportation infrastructure helps to reduce the urban-rural income gap,among them,the first-level highway and the third-level highway have a positive spillover to the income gap,and the second-level highway has a negative overflow;railway infrastructure is the opposite.The results show that optimizing the investment structure of transportation infrastructure has important practical significance for narrowing the urban-rural income gap.With the declining marginal return of capital and the gradual disappearance of the demographic dividend advantage,a reasonable allocation of transportation infrastructure investment expenditures will promote economic growth towards efficiency transformation has become an urgent business.