遗民结社:假我堂诗会及其文学活动

Adherent's Association of the Former Dynasty:Jia-Wo-Tang Poetical Gathering and Its Literary Activities

明清易代之际,遁入清廷的故明士人接续文人结社风潮,相继建立了数量众多的遗民诗社,其中尤以假我堂诗会颇具典型性。假我堂诗会的成员包括朱鹤龄、归庄、侯汸等9位明遗民,以及降清为贰臣后渐生悔意的钱谦益。结合清初严峻的政治情势、入会者的敏感身份及唱和诗的具体内容,可推知假我堂诗会应为一次包孕政治意涵的结社。留存至今的假我堂诗会成员创制的诗歌,蕴涵着深切的对故国旧君的追念,呈现出明遗民在同气相求中以结社纾解身陷新朝的苦闷与挣扎。

During the Ming-Qing transition,scholars of the Ming dynasty who entered the Qing government continued the literati association and successively established a large number of poetry societies,among which Jia-Wo-Tang(Fake-me-club)was quite typical.The members of it included nine adherents of the Ming dynasty such as ZHU Heling,GUI Zhuang,HOU Fang and QIAN Qianyi who gradually was regretful to become turncoat official.Combining severe political situation during the early Qing dynasty,participants'sensitive identities and responsorial poems'specific content,it could be inferred that Jia-Wo-Tang should be an association with political implications.It showed a deeper memory of collapsed motherland and dead emperor and the sought to form an association to alleviate the pain and in the new dynasty.