《反杜林论》哲学思想再释的前提性考察

The Prerequisite Investigation of Reinterpretation of Philosophical Thought in Anti-Duhring

在恩格斯诞辰200周年的契机下重释《反杜林论》哲学思想,彰显其对马克思主义哲学体系建构的历史贡献与时代价值,须诉诸一定的前提性理论工作。首先是相关研究的百余年学术史清理,从肯定与非议相交织的众说纷纭中梳理出新的理论生长点。其次,破除只根据《反杜林论》而“自说自话”的局限,厘清恩格斯与杜林的思想论战之来龙去脉,呈现构成杜林“共同社会”理论基础的哲学体系原貌,为在历史研究和比较研究中展现恩格斯思想的超越性夯实基础。最后,基于哲学基本问题、存在论、认识论、历史观、辩证法之间内在统一的维度,论述《反杜林论》何以从“消极的批判”转向马克思主义哲学体系的正面阐释,这既有助于直接明确恩格斯的独特思想建树,又能够有力回应“降低思想说”中一些看似强烈的批评声音。

On the occasion of the 200th anniversary of Engels birth,in order to reinterpret his philosophical thought in Anti-Duhring,and demonstrate his historical contribution and the value of the times to the construction of the Marxist philosophical system,we must do certain prerequisite theoretical work.The first is to clean up the academic history of more than 100 years of relevant research,and sort out new theoretical breakthrough points from diversified opinions intertwined with affirmation and criticism.Secondly,to eliminate the limitation of“self-talk”only according to Anti-Duhring,clarify the ins and outs of the ideological debate between Engels and Duhring,and present the original appearance of the philosophical system that forms the basis of Duhring s“Sozialitaet”.Thus,we lay a solid foundation for the transcendence of Engels thoughts in historical studies and comparative studies.Finally,based on the dimensions of the inner unity of“the basic question in philosophy”,ontology,epistemology,conception of history and dialectics,the discussion on why Anti-Duhring had turned from“negative criticism”to a positive interpretation of the Marxist philosophical system is helpful to directly clarify Engels unique thought achievements,and effectively responds to some seemingly strong criticisms in the“lower thoughts”.