特朗普政府的外空军控政策分析

Trump Administration’s Policy of Arms Control in Outer Space

太空军备竞赛、太空武器化给太空安全、国际战略安全与平衡造成严重影响。但是特朗普政府逆世界潮流,阻止联合国政府专家组达成防止太空军备竞赛报告共识,拒绝具有法律约束力的太空军备控制条约,并大力发展太空军备,这主要源于美国太空霸权战略,也是特朗普政府用实力追求和平在太空领域的表现。特朗普政府用美国制定的太空交通管理、美国主导的双边或多边太空透明信任机制,取代联合国主导的太空透明与信任机制、不首先在太空部署武器等倡议,既避免了实施外空军控的法律义务,又减轻了由于美国拒绝实施外空军控而遭受的道德压力,同时可以收获太空透明与信任建设机制中包含的"美国安全例外"的实惠。美国拒绝实施太空军备控制,将不可避免地导致太空军备竞赛加剧,国际核裁军与核军控进程放缓,太空治理的难度也将进一步加大。

The arms race in space and the weaponization of space have severely affected space security,international strategic security and balance.However,preventing UN experts from reaching a consensus report on the prevention of space arms race,and rejecting the legally binding treaty on space arms control,the Trump administration went against the world trend and made great efforts in the development of space arms.It mainly results from the space hegemony strategy of the US and demonstrates that the Trump government intends to pursue peace in space with strength.The Trump administration has replaced the UN-led initiatives including TCBMS and NoFirst deployment of weapons in space with its space traffic management and the US-led bilateral or multilateral TCBMS in space.Consequently,the US not only avoids the legal obligation to implement space arms control but also reduces moral pressure on the US,while gains benefits of the exception of US security in the space transparency and trust-building mechanisms.Since the US refuses to implement space arms control,it would inevitably intensified the space arms race,and slow down the process of international nuclear disarmament and nuclear arms control,and cause more hindrances to space governance.