港口政治化:中国参与“21世纪海上丝绸之路”沿线港口建设的政治风险探析

The Politicization of Ports:Political Risks of Chinas Participation in Port Construction along the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road

在"21世纪海上丝绸之路"建设过程中,作为关键载体的港口建设常面临政治风险,使原本的经济议题上升为安全议题和政治议题。"港口政治化"主要源于东道国国内政治的变动、地区国家间复杂关系与战略竞争,以及大国干预和地缘政治博弈等。西方国家炒作的所谓"军事基地论""债务帝国主义论"和"新殖民主义论"成为"港口政治化"的三大标签。港口政治化超出了企业的应对能力,成为中国统筹国内外资源、开展整体外交的重大风险。未来,中国在"21世纪海上丝绸之路"沿线港口建设进程中应继续遵循市场化原则,解构"港口政治化"风险,突出其商业属性,拓展"港口+"与第三方合作,超越零和博弈,赋予中国建设的港口国际公共产品内涵,降低地缘政治风险。

As one of the key carriers,port construction projects are faced with prominent political risks in building the 21 st Century Maritime Silk Road,which transforms the originally economic issue into a security and political issue.Risks confronting the politicization of ports mainly include changes in the domestic political and social situation of the host country,complex relations and strategic competition among regional countries,major powers’intervention,and geopolitical games.The so-called theories of"military base","debt imperialism",and"neo-colonialism"hyped by Western countries and India against China,have become 3 typical tags of port politicization.The politicization of ports often goes beyond enterprises’capacity to manage and has become a major risk confronting China in the coordination of domestic and foreign resources and the development of overall diplomacy.China should continue to follow the market-oriented principles in the process of port construction along the Maritime Silk Road,highlight its economic nature,expand"port+"mode cooperation with 3 rd parties to improve its multilateral attribute,reduce its geopolitical risk,and endow ports constructed by China with the property of international public goods.