对中世纪至近代伊斯兰与西方关系的再认识

Rethinking on the Relationship Between Islam and the West from Mediaeval to Modern Times

中世纪伊斯兰与西方关系的发展是矛盾冲突与交流合作并存的复杂过程。双方的关系既有颇具宗教色彩的漫长冲突,也留下了许多不同宗教和谐共处的佳话,但这种事实却多被冲突的历史叙事所掩盖。在近代,拒绝与规避、世俗主义与西方化、伊斯兰现代主义和民族主义,构成了伊斯兰对西方进行反应的四种形式。在此过程中,伊斯兰对于西方的反应并非简单的抵制、排斥或反抗。首先,中东民族主义与伊斯兰教的复杂关系,是影响中东伊斯兰国家与西方关系存在多种形式的重要因素。其次,伊斯兰政治思潮及其社会力量对西方的反应具有复杂多元的特点,而并非单纯地反西方。经研究,本文得出两点结论和启示:第一,伊斯兰与西方交往的主题叙事亟待重新谱写,应摆脱目前突出矛盾冲突、忽视交流合作的片面叙事;第二,伊斯兰与西方关系史中的冲突是客观存在的,但这既不是宗教冲突,更不是文明冲突。

The relationship between Islam and the West in the mediaeval times is a complicated process accompanied by conflict and cooperation.The relationship between the two sides has not only a long conflict with religious color,but also left many beautiful stories of harmonious coexistence among different religions,which however,has been covered by conflict narrative.In modern times,rejection and escaping,secularism and Westernization,Islamic modernism and nationalism constitute the four forms of Islam's response to the West.In this process,Islam's response to the West was not simply to contain,resist or exclude.Firstly,the complex relationship between Middle Eastern nationalism and Islam is an important factor that affects the existence of various forms of relations between Islamic countries in the Middle East and the West.Secondly,Islamic political thoughts and their social forces have complex and diverse responses to the West,rather than simply anti-Western.Finally,this paper draws two conclusions:First,the narrative theme of the relationship between Islam and the West needs to be rewritten urgently,needing to get rid of the one-sided narrative of highlighting conflict and looking down upon cooperation at present.Second,the conflicts in the history of the relationship between Islam and the West exist objectively,which is neither a religious conflict nor a conflict of civilizations.