147例变应性鼻炎患者生活质量及疾病认知情况调查

Investigation on quality of life and disease cognition among 147 patients with allergic rhinitis

目的对变应性鼻炎(AR)患者的症状特点,AR对生活质量的影响以及患者对疾病认知情况进行调查,为AR患者的综合治疗以及健康宣教提供依据。方法选择2019年1月至2020年1月在广州医科大学附属第二医院就诊治疗的AR患者147例,采用现场扫描二维码发放网络问卷形式,调查患者的一般资料、AR发病情况、并发症、生活质量、心理状态以及疾病相关认知等情况,并对问卷调查结果进行分析。结果在本次调查的147例患者中,72.79%患者认为AR对其生活质量有中重度影响,82.99%患者认为AR影响其睡眠质量。高达62.59%患者担心长期用药会有不良反应,68.71%的患者对疾病有效控制没有信心。26.53%的患者不知道脱敏治疗,40.14%的患者虽然听说了脱敏治疗,但并没有尝试脱敏治疗。对于不考虑做脱敏治疗的主要原因分别为:不太了解脱敏治疗,担心不能够彻底治愈以及治疗时间太长等。在疾病认知方面,74.15%患者认为AR与免疫力下降有关;20.41%患者表示不能区分感冒与鼻炎发作;50.34%患者担心AR会发展为癌症;21.77%患者误认为AR具有传染性。结论AR对患者生活质量、社交活动及精神心理状态均有较大的负面影响,较高比例的患者对AR的疾病认知存在错误观念。加强AR患者的健康宣教和综合治疗措施对改善AR的治疗现状尤为重要。

Objective To investigate the characteristics of allergic rhinitis(AR)symptoms,the impact of AR on quality of life and the patient's cognition of disease,providing evidences for comprehensive treatment and health education for AR patients.Methods 147 AR patients were enrolled in this study from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University since January,2019 to January,2020.The patient's data,including general information,clinical features of AR,comorbidity,quality of life(QOL),mental state,and disease-related cognition,etc.were investigated by using questionnaire.The results of questionnaire were statistically analyzed.Results Moderate or severe effect on QOL and sleep disturbance was reported by 72.79%and 82.99%of AR patients respectively.Up to 62.59%of patients insist on refusing to take any medicine unless their symptoms were very serious,due to worrying about the side effects of long-term medication.68.71%patients have already lost confidence in the effective control of AR.26.53%of patient knew nothing of allergen specific immunotherapy(ASIT)and 40.14%of patients were aware of ASIT,but did not try it.The major reasons for not accepting ASIT are absence of knowing about ASIT,worrying about impossible cure of AR and very long period of treatment.In terms of disease cognition,74.15%of patients believe that allergic rhinitis is associated with reduced immune function and 20.41%of patients have difficulties in distinguishing common cold and allergic rhinitis.Moreover,50.34%patients are anxious about the possibility of canceration due to AR,while 21.77%of patients think that allergic rhinitis is infectious,whose opining is incorrectly.ConclusionThe quality of life,social activities,emotion and psychological condition is significantly influenced by AR.Majority of patients are lack of knowledge of AR.Therefore,health education and comprehensive treatment is very important in achievement of effective control of AR.