《安提戈涅》中的“看”与冲突——基于两种城邦形相的考察

“Seeing”and Conflict in Antigone—An Observation of the Two Forms of Polis

在《安提戈涅》中,围绕波吕涅刻斯的身体,克瑞翁和安提戈涅陷入了竞争和冲突当中,在强调可见性的城邦公共领域中,波吕涅刻斯的身体成了可见的证据,克瑞翁和安提戈涅相互争夺着这件证据用以支撑他们各自不同的价值诉求:克瑞翁发乎自以为的城邦利益,试图用波吕涅刻斯的身体让人“看”到他的善于统治。安提戈涅则发乎真情和对家庭的责任让人“看”到她的高贵。两人对于“被看”的执着昭示城邦作为敞开域的本相,这一敞开域以城邦公民的相互观看、相互揭示作为基础,各种善都可以在这个场域中显现,并在其中以荣誉为核心相互竞争、相互对抗、相互承认,但随着克瑞翁禁止埋葬禁令的颁布,城邦开始从这一本相蜕变成只推崇一种善,企图由此消灭竞争和冲突的僵硬、封闭的场域,强迫城邦众人只能拥有与他一样的“看—法”。克瑞翁终于听进先知和歌队的劝告,破除自己僵硬的目光,走向敞开,走向家庭,走向他人,而这同时也意味着城邦从其变相向其本相的回归。

In Antigone,Polyneices’body makes Creon and Antigone compete and conflict with each other.For in Polis’public sphere,it is a field which stresses visibility,Polyneices’body is a visible evidence which can show certain good:Creon tries to use Polyneices’body to show he is good at ruling out of his faith in Polis’benefits he thought,while Antigone attempts to use this body to show her nobility out of her true feelings and responsibility for her family.Both of them keen on being seen by others in their Polis,which shows the natural form of Polis as an open field,the openness of this field based on citizens’seeing and being seen.In this open field,every good can spring up and conflict with each other.But as Creon s ban carrying out,this Polis degenerates into a field which sticks to only one good and represses other good that deserves to pursue too,thus although this Polis is unified,it is also simplified and becomes closed.At last,Creon makes compromise and walks toward openness,family and others,which also means that Polis returns to its natural form.