养殖池塘单罐真空式吸鱼泵的设计和试验

Design and test of single-tank vacuum fish pump for aquaculture pond

为解决池塘养殖鱼类的提升、输送和转运等问题,设计了一种单罐真空式吸鱼泵,其依靠真空泵产生的负压将鱼吸入罐体内,通过自动控制系统进行真空吸捕启停程序,连续不间断重复真空与释放动作,利用鱼和水自身的重力作用排出罐体。性能测试显示:单尾活鱼的质量≤3 kg,长度10~70 cm,鱼水比1∶2.3,单罐真空式吸鱼泵抽吸能力为11 t/h,吸鱼速率约为270 kg/min,放鱼速率约为540 kg/min,吸鱼泵罐体上真空表读数为0^-0.04 MPa,活鱼无损伤。研究表明,单罐真空式吸鱼泵结构简单、操作方便、移动灵活,适合小型池塘养殖鱼类的吸捕作业,可降低劳动强度,提高捕捞效率。

In order to solve the problems of lifting,conveying and transferring the fish in pond culture,a single-tank vacuum fish pump suitable for pond fishing was designed.Single-tank vacuum fish pump relies on the negative pressure generated by the vacuum pump to suck the fish into the tank.The vacuum suction and catching start-stop procedure is carried out through the automatic control system,and the vacuum and release actions are repeated continuously and uninterruptedly,using the gravity of the fish and the water to remove from the tank.Performance tests show that the weight of the fish is≤3 kg/fish,the length of the fish is 10-70 cm/fish,the fish-water ratio is about 1∶2.3,the suction capacity of the single-tank vacuum fish pump is 11 t/h,the rate of sucking fish is about 270 kg/min,the rate of releasing fish is about 540 kg/min,the vacuum value on the fish pump tank is 0^-0.04 MPa,and the fishes are not damaged.The research shows that single-tank vacuum fish pump,with simple structure,easy operation and flexible movement,is suitable for the suction and catching of fish in small pond culture,and can reduce labor intensity and improve catching efficiency.