浅析霍布斯与洛克的自然法观念及其演进——从自然状态到社会契约

A Brief Analysis of Hobbes and Locke’s Concept of Natural Law and Its Evolution——From the State of Nature to Social Contract

近代自然法与近代西方社会的兴起有着密切的关系,社会契约理论逐渐发展成熟,形成体系。自然法是一个思想实验。自然法的实质是人性和人的生存状态的呈现,需要再来建立一个合理的社会,合理的政治。人处在自然状态下是不完备的。社会契约论作为西方政治哲学的理论假设,在宪政系统的建设和发展过程中有着至关重要的地位。霍布斯和洛克设想人们要遵循自然法,最终将以社会契约为纽带走向政治社会。

Modern natural law has a close relationship with the rise of modern western society.In this connection,the social contract theory has gradually matured and formed a system.Natural law is not a historical fact or a logical reasoning.In fact,natural law is a thought experiment.The essence of natural law is the presentation of human nature and the existence of human beings.Therefore,we need to build a reasonable society and reasonable politics.People are incomplete in their natural state.Social contract theory,as a theoretical assumption of western political philosophy,plays a vital role in the construction and development of constitutional government system.Both Hobbes and Locke envision that people would follow the laws of nature and eventually move towards a political society based on social contract.