现代汉语中的“词义扩大”与“词义泛化”辨

The Discrimination of Enlargement and Generalization of Word Meaning in Modern Chinese

“词义泛化”与“词义扩大”具有很多相同点,容易混淆二者的关系,从词义演变的外因、内因,以及人类认知规律出发,可认识二者的相同之处。它们之间又是不同的:词义扩大侧重历时变化,词义泛化侧重共时变化;词义扩大只注重结果,词义泛化也注重过程;词义扩大多是由词的引申义而来,词义泛化多是由词的比喻义而来。

“Enlargement of word meaning”and“generalization of word meaning”have a lot of similarities,so it is easy to confuse the relationship between them.The similarities between the two can be recognized by the external and internal causes for the evolution of word meaning,as well as human cognitive rules.At the same time,there are some differences between them:the enlargement focuses on diachronic change,and the generalization focuses on synchronic change;the enlargement only focuses on the result,while the generalization also focuses on the process;the enlargement mainly comes from the extended meaning of word,and the generalization comes from the figurative meaning of a word.