中国竞技网球后备人才培养策略研究

A Study on the Cultivation Strategy of Competitive Tennis Reserve Talents in China

网球作为我国一项社会化程度较高而竞技水平相对落后的运动项目,后备人才培养问题相对突出,破解需求尤为迫切。研究基于新时代体育强国建设背景、中国竞技网球可持续发展诉求和网球后备人才培养的现实困境,在文献梳理、实地调研及对不同层面教练员及管理人员访谈的基础上,从我国竞技网球后备人才培养理念、“金字塔”式人才培养模式、多元培养模式、体教结合培养模式的运行现状及教练员资源与考核机制等5个方面分析了我国竞技网球后备人才培养过程中存在的基本问题。提出了我国竞技网球后备人才培养的策略建议:1)深化“全面发展”的后备人才培养理念,形成共时性、可监管的训练指南;2)创新纵向“金字塔”式人才培养模式的发展路径;3)促进多元培养模式的补充和融合,建立“和和共生”的支持体系与反哺机制;4)从广度和深度上促进体教融合;5)多维度提高教练员综合素质,打造高质量教练员团队。

Tennis,as a sport with a high degree of socialization but a relatively low level of competition in China,has a prominent problem in reserve talents cultivation,which needs to be solved urgently.Based on the background of building a sports power in the new era,the demand for sustainable development of competitive tennis and the dilemma of the cultivation of tennis reserve talents,this paper,through literature review,field research and interviews with coaches and managers at different levels,systematically analyzes the problems existing in the process of cultivating competitive tennis reserve talents from five aspects:the cultivation concept of competitive tennis reserve talents,the“pyramid”cultivation mode,the multivariant cultivation mode,the running stateof the“combination of sports and education”and the resources and the assessment and incentive mechanism of coaches.Based on the above,this paper proposes the cultivating strategy of competitive tennis reserve talents in China and puts forward the following strategic suggestions for the cultivation of reserve talents in competitive tennis in China:1)Deepen the cultivation concept of“allaround development”in reserve talents training and form synchronic and supervised training guidelines;2)Innovate the development path of a vertical“pyramid”talent training mode;3)Promote the supplement and integration of diversified cultivation modes and establish a support system and feedback mechanism of“harmony symbiosis”;4)Promote the integration of sports education in breadth and depth;5)Improve the comprehensive quality of coaches in multiple dimensions and build a high-quality team of coaches.