经颅直流电刺激干预运动表现:效果及应用策略

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Intervention and Exercise Performance:Effect and Application Strategy

经颅直流电刺激(tDCS)是无创干预和塑造运动表现的重要手段。梳理tDCS对健康人群和运动员肌肉力量、爆发力、有氧耐力、认知能力、疲劳恢复及镇痛效果等方面的理论研究和应用成果。研究发现:1)tDCS可增强运动员和健康人群的肌肉力量、爆发力、有氧能力,提升疲劳感受阈值,改善认知能力,缓解神经肌肉疲劳及延长运动员持续运动时间;2)tDCS干预方案的构成要素包括:电极极性、刺激频率、刺激时间、电流强度以及电极布局;3)经典tDCS干预运动表现的模式:电极面积25~35 cm^2,电流强度1~2 mA,刺激时间不超过20 min;4)采用经典模式干预,刺激时间和电流大小与干预效果呈正相关。应用策略:抗阻训练结合tDCS干预可能改善不同形式抗阻训练(短期抗阻训练、长期抗阻训练、同期训练、复合训练和激活后增强训练等)的效果;在耐力训练中应用tDCS可以提高疲劳感受阈值及运动持续性;tDCS可能对提升运动技能的习得与完善发挥积极作用;通过在正式比赛日借助tDCS进行赛前和赛中激活,可能对调控运动员比赛状态产生积极影响;比赛和训练后借助tDCS可以舒缓神经和肌肉疲劳,抑制肌肉疼痛,提高运动员疲劳恢复的效果。基于tDCS干预运动表现的积极效应,建议将tDCS作为挖掘运动潜能和改善运动表现的新手段。

Transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS)is an important tool for noninvasive intervention and improve motor performance.By summary the literatures of the effects of tDCS on muscle strength,explosive strength,aerobic endurance,cognitive ability,fatigue recovery and analgesic effect in healthy people and athletes,it is found that:1)tDCS can enhance muscle strength,explosive power and aerobic capacity of athletes and healthy people,improve fatigue perception threshold,improve cognitive ability,relieve neuromuscular fatigue and prolong athletes'continuous exercise time;2)The components of tDCS intervention plan include electrode polarity,stimulus frequency,stimulus time,current intensity and electrode layout;3)classic tDCS intervention mode of exercise performance:electrode area of 25~35 cm^2,current intensity of 1~2 mA,stimulation time of no more than 20 min;4)When classical mode intervention is used,stimulus time and current are positively correlated with intervention effect.Application strategy:The combination of resistance training and tDCS intervention may improve the effects of different forms of resistance training(short-term resistance training,long-term resistance training,synchronous training,compound training and post-activation enhancement training,etc.).The application of tDCS in adolescent resistance training is worthy of attention.The application of tDCS in endurance training can improve the threshold of fatigue perception and the duration of exercise.tDCS may play an active role in improving the acquisition and improvement of motor skills.By activating before and during the competition with tDCS on the official competition day,it may have a positive effect on the regulation of athletes'competition status.After competition and training,tDCS can relieve nerve and muscle fatigue,inhibit muscle pain,and improve the effect of athletes'fatigue recovery.Based on the positive effects of tDCS intervention,it is suggested that tDCS should be used as a new way to explore athletes'potential and improve sports performance.