长白公猪精液性状遗传参数评估及采精月龄和季节因素分析

Estimation of Genetic Parameters and Analysis of Season Effects andAge Effects for Semen Traits in Landrace Boars

旨在估计华南地区长白种公猪精液性状遗传参数以及分析公猪采精月龄和季节对精液性状的影响,为合理制定种公猪育种方案提供理论依据。本研究采用Asreml-R对华南地区两个公猪站1 605头长白公猪107 221条精液数据进行统计分析,利用单性状重复力动物模型估计公猪精液各性状的方差组分、遗传力和重复力,利用两性状重复力动物模型对精液体积、精液密度、精子活力和精子畸形率等性状进行遗传相关和表型相关估计;利用R语言程序中的一般线性模型分析采精月龄和季节对精液性状的影响。结果表明,精液体积和精子畸形率属于中等遗传力(0.23和0.38),其中精子畸形率的变异系数较大,为85.42%,其余性状都为低遗传力(0.07~0.19);精液体积与精液密度以及精子活力与精子畸形率为极显著遗传负相关(-0.77和-0.90);精液密度与精子活力呈极显著的遗传正相关(0.50)。采精月龄对精液性状影响显著(P<0.05),在公猪达到性成熟后,精液体积呈显著上升趋势,精液密度和精子畸形率总体呈下降趋势,精子总数和有效精子数在13~18月龄组显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。在春季精液密度最高,精子总数和有效精子数在秋、冬季显著优于春、夏季(P<0.05)。综上,长白公猪精液体积和精子畸形率具有较大的选育潜力,可作为候选性状进行选择。在公猪生产管理方面,公猪36月龄后精液产量下降,考虑更新淘汰。公猪精液品质在秋、冬季显著优于春、夏季,在中国南方夏季应提前做好降温工作。

The purpose of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters of semen traits of Landrace boars in South China and to analyze the influence of the age and season of semen collection on semen traits, so as to provide theoretical basis for formulating reasonable boar breeding program. The Asreml-R was used to analyze the 107 221 semen data of 1 605 Landrace boars from 2 AI stations in Southern China, the single-trait repeatability animal model was used to estimate the variance components, heritability and repeatability of each semen traits, two-trait repeatability animal model was used to estimate genetic correlation and phenotypic correlation of semen volume, semen density, sperm motility and percentage of abnormal sperm. The general linear model of R language program was used to analyze the influence of age and season of semen collection on semen traits. The results showed that the semen volume and percentage of abnormal sperm had medium heritability (0.23 and 0.38), and the variation coefficient of percentage of abnormal sperm was 85.42%, while the other traits had low heritability (0.07-0.19). Semen volume-semen density and sperm motility-percentage of abnormal sperm had extremely significantly negative genetic correlation(-0.77 and -0.90, respectively). Semen density-sperm motility showed extremely significantly positive genetic correlation (0.50). The influence of the age of semen collection on semen traits was significant( P <0.05). After boars reached sexual maturity, semen volume showed a significant increase, semen density and percentage of abnormal sperm showed a general decrease, and total sperm number and functional sperm number were significantly higher in the 13-18-month of age group than those in the other groups ( P <0.05). The semen density was the highest in spring, and the total sperm number and functional sperm number were significantly higher in autumn and winter than those in spring and summer ( P <0.05). In conclusion, the semen volume and percentage of abnormal sperm of Landrace boars can be selected as candidate traits. In the boar production management, boar whose semen production after 36 months of age decline, will be considered to update. Boar semen quality was significantly higher in autumn and winter than those in spring and summer. It is suggested that cooling work should be done in advance in Southern China in summer.