自我损耗降低决策理性:心理机制与边界条件

Ego depletion impedes rational decision making:Mechanisms and boundary conditions

处于自我损耗状态时,个体在意愿上偏好即时利益和目标,并且会做出许多非理性决策行为。在梳理自我损耗对行为决策的影响基础上,指出自我损耗降低决策理性的注意机制和执行机制:一方面,损耗使个体注意力更容易为即时利益所捕获,进而重视短期利益而忽视长远利益,即降低个体关注未来的能力;另一方面,损耗导致个体缺少计划性和行为实施的执行力,即降低个体坚守未来的能力。此外,损耗对决策理性的影响存在个体和情境两个方面的重要边界。未来可结合眼动技术验证损耗降低决策理性的注意机制,进一步探究潜在边界条件以及寻找助推理性决策的方法。

Ego depletion leads to preference for immediate interests and goals,which is likely to induce irrational decision making.Based on systematic literature reviews,ego depletion impedes rational decision making through two mechanisms.In regard to the attention mechanism,depleted individuals are more likely to be attracted by immediate rewards but ignore the importance of long-term benefit(i.e.,failure of“focusing on the future”).In terms of the execution mechanism,depletion impairs individuals’abilities of planning and executing(i.e.,failure of“sticking to the future”).Moreover,two critical boundaries affect such processes:(1)individual characteristics,including susceptibility to resource depletion and internal moral restraint;(2)situational characteristics,including external provocation,social norms and decision costs.Future research should adopt eye tracking technology to extend the research in attention mechanism and explore other boundary conditions,which helps to nudge rational decision making.