诗术的涵义——亚里士多德《诗术》第一章例释

The Meaning of Poetics:Interpreting the Examples in Chapter One of Aristotle’s Poetics

亚里士多德《诗术》第一章诘屈骜牙,虽提出了“模仿”一说,却难以此通解。模仿概念意涵纷纭;亚里士多德在第一章中所举例证,囊括各式文学艺术门类,包括叙事诗、肃剧及谐剧等内容,以此隐微地表达出模仿的内在涵义,即模仿兼具肃剧性沉醉与谐剧性出离两种品质于一身;接着,用多种事物反复论述模仿所具有的肃剧性沉醉品质、人生价值的担负作用以及与哲学追问之间的紧密关系。最终,他认为真正的诗人,应融合人生价值的担负(神圣性)与追问(哲学性)两种品质于笔端,才能真正称得上是拥有诗术的诗人,从而为柏拉图的哲学之诗张目。

The first chapter of Aristotle’s Poetics,namely The Art of Poetry,is hard to understand,and the concep⁃tion of“imitation”is not helpful for the interpretation of whole text.Even this conception itself varies a great deal.The examples in Chapter One offered by Aristotle cover all kinds of literature and art,especially the epic poetry,the tragedy and the comedy etc.,which are expected to reveal the intrinsic meanings of imitation indirectly,namely its combination of two qualities of tragic intoxication and comic detachment.Furthermore,Aristotle uses a variety of references to expound the quality of imitation in the tragic intoxication,the role of imitation in the undertaking of life value,and their intimate relationship with the philosophical inquiry repeatedly.Finally,Aristotle believes that the real poet should integrate the undertaking of life value(sacredness)and inquiry(philosophy)into his writ⁃ing,genuinely becoming a poet with poetics,and thus this also justifies Plato’s philosophical poetry.